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The tension reduction hypothesis revisited: an alcohol expectancy perspective
R M Young1, T P Oei, R G Knight
1Psychology Clinic, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
British Journal of Addiction
|January 1, 1990
Summary
The tension reduction hypothesis for alcohol use is inconsistent. Controlling for alcohol expectancies suggests tension reduction is important for many, but not all, individuals.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Sociology
Background:
- The tension reduction hypothesis is a common explanation for alcohol consumption.
- Previous research validating this hypothesis has yielded inconsistent results.
- A potential confounding factor is the failure to control for pre-existing alcohol expectancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of pre-existing alcohol expectancies in the tension reduction hypothesis.
- To examine the validity of the tension reduction hypothesis when expectancies are controlled.
- To explore a modified tension reduction hypothesis that accounts for multiple factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on studies controlling for tension reduction expectancies.
- Analysis of two studies that comprehensively controlled for expectancies.
- Synthesis of findings regarding the interaction of pharmacology, expectancy, gender, and situation.
Main Results:
- Only two studies comprehensively controlled for tension reduction expectancies.
- These studies supported a modified tension reduction hypothesis.
- Tension reduction is a significant factor for many, but not all, individuals' drinking behavior.
Conclusions:
- The tension reduction hypothesis alone is insufficient to explain alcohol's effects.
- Alcohol expectancies significantly influence the relationship between drinking and tension reduction.
- A multifactorial approach, considering pharmacology, expectancy, gender, and situation, is crucial for understanding alcohol use.