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Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

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Chess masters show a hallmark of face processing with chess.

Amy L Boggan¹, James C Bartlett, Daniel C Krawczyk

¹School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, GR 4.1, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. aboggan@utdallas.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General

|July 27, 2011

Summary

Expert chess players show face-like processing for chess, suggesting shared cognitive mechanisms. This expertise-dependent processing impacts how they view both chess and faces.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience of expertise
Visual perception

Background:

Face processing exhibits unique characteristics, potentially due to specialized brain mechanisms or extensive experience.
Selective attention failure, measured by the congruency effect, is a key hallmark of face processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether face-processing hallmarks, specifically selective attention failure, extend to domains of extreme expertise.
To explore the relationship between chess expertise and the congruency effect in both face and chessboard stimuli.

Main Methods:

Utilized the composite paradigm to measure the congruency effect, a hallmark of selective attention failure.
Compared 27 chess experts with recreational players and novices on face and chessboard stimuli.
Analyzed the relationship between chess expertise levels and the magnitude of the congruency effect.

Main Results:

The congruency effect was equally pronounced for chessboards and faces among chess experts.
A trade-off was observed: higher chess expertise correlated positively with the chessboard congruency effect but negatively with the face congruency effect.
These findings indicate expertise-dependent, face-like processing for expert domains.

Conclusions:

Expertise in a specific domain, like chess, can induce face-like processing mechanisms for stimuli within that domain.
Face recognition and expert-level recognition of other domains may share common underlying cognitive processes.
The study challenges the notion of purely face-specific processing, highlighting the role of domain-specific expertise.