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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
09:33

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: December 26, 2016

Systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease.

Clive Holmes1, Joe Butchart

  • 1Clinical Neurosciences Division, Moorgreen Hospital, University of Southampton, Botley Road, Southampton SO30 3JB, UK. ch4@soton.ac.uk

Biochemical Society Transactions
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Systemic inflammation exacerbates Alzheimer's disease (AD) by affecting the brain's immune system. Targeting peripheral immunity may offer new therapeutic strategies for AD.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neuroinflammation
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Growing evidence indicates disruptions in the central innate immune system in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Research suggests a significant interplay between the body's systemic and central innate immune responses.
  • Both animal models and human studies highlight this crucial communication pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the connection between systemic inflammation and central innate immune responses in neurodegenerative conditions like AD.
  • To investigate how systemic inflammation influences cognitive decline and sickness behavior in AD.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets by understanding the manipulation of systemic innate immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal models demonstrating neurodegeneration and immune responses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
09:33

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: December 26, 2016

  • Analysis of clinical studies examining Alzheimer's disease patients and systemic inflammation.
  • Comparative studies on central and systemic innate immune system interactions.
  • Main Results:

    • Animal models show heightened central immune reactions to peripheral inflammation in neurodegeneration.
    • Clinical studies link systemic inflammation to accelerated cognitive decline and increased sickness behavior in AD patients.
    • The communication between systemic and central innate immunity provides new perspectives on AD risk factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The bidirectional communication between systemic and central innate immunity is critical in Alzheimer's disease.
    • Systemic inflammation emerges as a significant factor influencing AD progression.
    • Modulating the systemic innate immune system presents a promising avenue for novel AD therapeutics.