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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane01:27

Synthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in the ER Membrane

The ER synthesizes lipids for building cell membranes and performing cellular functions such as energy storage and signaling. The lipid synthesis machinery embedded in the ER membrane primarily collects all reactants from the cytosol. Following synthesis, the secretory pathway and the ER contact sites distribute these lipids to other cellular organelles. Additionally, the energy-rich triacylglycerides are transported from the ER via lipid droplets.
The major components of all eukaryotic cell...
Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER

Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Cholesterol Efflux Assay
07:54

Cholesterol Efflux Assay

Published on: March 6, 2012

Structural and biophysical insight into cholesteryl ester-transfer protein.

Justin Hall1, Xiayang Qiu

  • 1Pfizer Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06430, USA.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP) facilitates lipid transfer, impacting HDL and LDL levels. CETP inhibitors show promise for treating atherosclerosis by modulating these lipoproteins.

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Optimized Negative Staining: a High-throughput Protocol for Examining Small and Asymmetric Protein Structure by Electron Microscopy

Published on: August 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Cholesteryl ester-transfer protein (CETP) is crucial for neutral lipid transfer between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
  • CETP plays a vital role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, which is key to preventing atherosclerosis.
  • Dysregulation of lipid transfer can contribute to cardiovascular disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural analysis of CETP.
  • To provide insights into CETP-mediated lipid transfer mechanisms.
  • To consolidate structural and biophysical data related to CETP function.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of CETP.
  • Biophysical data interpretation.
  • Literature review of existing studies.

Main Results:

  • CETP's structure dictates its function in lipid transfer.
  • Understanding CETP structure aids in comprehending its role in lipoprotein metabolism.
  • Structural insights support the therapeutic potential of CETP inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • CETP structure is fundamental to its role in lipid transfer and reverse cholesterol transport.
  • Structural and biophysical data offer valuable insights into CETP's mechanism of action.
  • Further structural studies can guide the development of effective CETP-targeted therapies for atherosclerosis.