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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Evaluating Therapeutic Interventions in the SHIP-deficient Mouse Model of Crohn Disease-like Ileitis and Fibrosis
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Published on: October 14, 2025

Impeded protein folding and function in active inflammatory bowel disease.

J Jasper Deuring1, Maikel P Peppelenbosch, Ernst J Kuipers

  • 1Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room L-462, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.deuring@erasmusmc.nl

Biochemical Society Transactions
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation in active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) impairs intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) protein folding, reducing protective mechanisms against harmful substances. This ER stress compromises gut barrier function in IBD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a protective barrier using transporters and secreted proteins.
  • Active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with reduced expression of protective proteins like ABCG2 and defensins.
  • Proper endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding is crucial for IEC function and localization of protective proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inflammatory pathways impacting protein folding in IECs.
  • To discuss how ER stress contributes to IEC malfunction in active IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of inflammatory pathways affecting protein folding.
  • Discussion of ER stress mechanisms in the context of IBD.

Main Results:

  • Inflammatory triggers (cytokines, nitric oxide) can disrupt ER protein folding.
  • Accumulation of unfolded proteins activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress.
  • Impaired protein folding affects the function and localization of xenobiotic transporters and protective proteins.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation-induced ER stress is a key factor in IEC malfunction during active IBD.
  • Understanding these pathways may reveal therapeutic targets for IBD.