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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

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Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice
10:26

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Published on: August 6, 2019

Midkine expression in human periapical granulomas.

Keisuke Hatori1, Osamu Takeichi, Bunnai Ogiso

  • 1Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Nihon, Japan.

Journal of Endodontics
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Midkine (MK) is elevated in periapical granulomas, found on inflammatory cells and endothelial cells. This suggests midkine plays a role in the development of apical periodontitis.

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Published on: July 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Oral biology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Midkine (MK) is a growth factor implicated in various human tumors and autoimmune diseases.
  • Its role in apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory dental condition, remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and localization of midkine (MK) and its messenger RNA (mRNA) in periapical granulomas.
  • To compare MK expression in periapical granulomas with healthy gingival tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical removal and pathological diagnosis of periapical granulomas from chronic apical periodontitis patients.
  • Immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect MK protein and mRNA expression.
  • Analysis of healthy gingival tissues as controls.

Main Results:

  • Midkine (MK) was expressed by inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils) and endothelial cells within periapical granulomas.
  • MK expression was notably absent in healthy gingival tissues.
  • Periapical granulomas exhibited significantly higher MK mRNA levels compared to healthy tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Midkine (MK) is present in periapical granulomas, associated with inflammatory and endothelial cells.
  • These findings indicate midkine (MK) involvement in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.