Air pollutants: the key stages in the pathway towards the development of cardiovascular disorders

Air pollution has been one of the significant risks to human health. Various studies indicate that ambient particulate matter in air pollution is most strongly allied to increased morbidity and mortality due to their link with cardiovascular adverse events. The mechanisms leading to these harmful effects on the cardiovascular system have not been defined clearly but several hypotheses have been proposed that elucidate the direct and indirect effects of air pollution. Adverse cardiovascular events such as thrombosis, vascular dysfunction, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and disturbance in cardiac autonomic control are thought to be linked with air pollution. Recently, an association has also been found between cardiac hypertrophy and air pollution. The present review focuses on highlighting the implications of air pollution in deteriorating cardiac health.