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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:22

Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Stem cell self-renewal in intestinal crypt.

Benjamin D Simons1, Hans Clevers

  • 1Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, J.J. Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom. bds10@cam.ac.uk

Experimental Cell Research
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult stem cell research in the intestine has identified crypt base columnar cells as the key intestinal stem cells. These cells maintain tissue regeneration through dynamic proliferation and repair, ensuring homeostasis.

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Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation
09:10

Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration in Response to Ionizing Irradiation

Published on: July 27, 2022

Laser Ablation and Intravital Microscopy to Study Intestinal Remodeling
09:42

Laser Ablation and Intravital Microscopy to Study Intestinal Remodeling

Published on: June 9, 2023

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
07:46

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo

Published on: October 11, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium is a rapidly regenerating tissue, making it a prime model for studying adult stem cell biology.
  • The precise identity and characteristics of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the small intestine and colon were previously debated.
  • Understanding ISC regulation is crucial for comprehending tissue repair and diseases like colorectal cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific cell type responsible for intestinal stem cell function.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms governing the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation.
  • To explore the dynamic environment and regulatory strategies of intestinal stem cells.

Main Methods:

  • Targeted lineage tracing strategies were employed to track cell populations over time.
  • Development and utilization of an organotypic culture system to study ISCs in vitro.
  • Analysis of stem cell behavior in response to tissue damage and repair processes.

Main Results:

  • The crypt base columnar (CBC) cell has been identified as the intestinal stem cell.
  • ISCs exist in a dynamic environment with frequent, stochastic stem cell loss.
  • Neighboring stem cells compensate for loss through proliferation, maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Mechanisms balancing proliferation and differentiation in ISCs have been revealed.

Conclusions:

  • Crypt base columnar cells are the definitive intestinal stem cells, crucial for tissue regeneration.
  • Intestinal stem cell regulation involves a dynamic interplay of cell loss and compensatory proliferation.
  • These findings provide critical insights into the homeostatic mechanisms governing adult stem cell populations.