Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms in children are associated with baseline inflammation and HIV status.

Communications health·2026
Same author

Game-based Cognitive Training for School-age Children Living With or Exposed to HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Uganda and Malawi.

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP·2026
Same author

The Epilepsy-Cog study: Methods to establish a harmonized study of late onset epilepsy in a metacohort of six population-based cohorts in the United States.

Epilepsia·2026
Same author

Dementia etiology classification using NULISA plasma biomarkers and machine learning.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

A vendor-neutral functional MRI acquisition protocol for multi-site studies.

Aperture neuro·2026
Same author

Recruitment Mode Selectivity and Interview Mode Measurement Effects in a Population-Based Assessment of Cognitive Performance.

International journal of methods in psychiatric research·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice
09:37

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

Impact of chronic hypercortisolemia on affective processing.

Scott A Langenecker1, Sara L Weisenbach, Bruno Giordani

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2101 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite C., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. slangen@umich.edu

Neuropharmacology
|July 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cortisol dysregulation in Cushing syndrome (CS) patients impairs facial emotion recognition and alters brain activity in emotion-related areas. These findings mirror those in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), suggesting shared neurobiological pathways.

More Related Videos

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
05:28

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: May 15, 2019

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice
09:37

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice

Published on: August 13, 2020

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
05:28

A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: May 15, 2019

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Affective Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cushing syndrome (CS) involves cortisol dysregulation, a key feature also seen in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
  • Cortisol dysregulation may impact brain regions involved in emotional processing and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if active CS patients exhibit frontal and limbic network dysfunction.
  • To assess facial affect identification accuracy in CS patients.
  • To compare brain activation patterns between CS patients and healthy controls during emotion perception tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using BOLD signal in 21 CS patients and 21 controls.
  • Facial Emotion Perception Test to assess emotion identification accuracy.
  • Evaluation of disease impact (duration, hormone levels, circadian rhythm disruption).

Main Results:

  • CS patients showed poorer facial affect identification accuracy compared to controls.
  • CS patients exhibited reduced activation in the left anterior superior temporal gyrus.
  • CS patients displayed higher activation in frontal, medial, and subcortical regions, with some areas correlating with improved accuracy, suggesting compensatory mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Cortisol dysregulation in CS is linked to impaired affective discrimination and altered brain activation in emotion processing regions.
  • These neurobiological changes in CS resemble those observed in MDD.
  • Findings highlight shared neural mechanisms underlying affective disturbances in endocrine and mood disorders.