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Updated: May 30, 2026

Robotic Duodenal Sleeve Resection for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor with Rare Exon 8 KIT Mutation Following Neoadjuvant Imatinib

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Malignancy after gastrointestinal augmentation in childhood.

Douglas A Husmann¹

¹Department of Urology 7, Gonda, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Urology

|July 27, 2011

Summary

Bladder augmentation using intestinal segments increases bladder cancer risk, especially with gastric tissue. Most cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, highlighting the need for long-term surveillance.

Keywords:

bladder augmentation exstrophy urinary bladder neoplasia

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Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer

Laparoscopic Radical Gastrectomy for Remnant Gastric Cancer

Published on: October 31, 2025

Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Pediatric Surgery

Background:

Congenital bladder anomalies often necessitate bladder augmentation in childhood.
Gastrointestinal segments are frequently used for bladder augmentation.
The long-term risk of bladder cancer after these procedures is a significant concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the incidence and risks of bladder cancer following childhood gastrointestinal bladder augmentations.
To identify risk factors associated with cancer development in augmented bladders.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Ovid Medline databases.
Inclusion of studies on bladder augmentation (enterocystoplasty, gastrocystoplasty) for congenital anomalies.
Review of cases reporting bladder cancer development post-augmentation.

Main Results:

Twenty cases of bladder cancer were identified following augmentation.
Ileal/colonic augmentations showed a 1.5% incidence per decade; gastric augmentations showed 2.8%.
60% of cancers were diagnosed at advanced stages (≥T3); some cases involved known carcinogens or predisposed bladders.

Conclusions:

Ileal/colonic augmentation confers a 7-8 fold increased risk of bladder cancer; gastric augmentation confers a 14-15 fold increased risk.
The data cannot definitively establish gastrointestinal augmentation as an independent risk factor over the inherent risk of abnormal bladders.
Long-term monitoring is crucial for patients with augmented bladders.