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Social and biological determinants of iron deficiency anemia

Rosângela Minardi Mitre Cotta1, Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho Oliveira, Kelly Alves Magalhães

  • 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brasil. rmmitre@ufv.br

Cadernos De Saude Publica
|July 27, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Anemia in children is linked to low paternal education and unsafe water. The Brazilian Income Transfer Program (PBF) showed a protective effect against anemia in children under two years old.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Epidemiology

Background:

  • Anemia remains a significant public health issue in children globally.
  • Identifying social and biological determinants is crucial for effective interventions.
  • The Brazilian Income Transfer Program (PBF) aims to alleviate poverty and improve health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the social and biological factors associated with anemia in children.
  • To compare anemia prevalence between children participating in and not participating in the PBF.
  • To assess the role of the PBF in mitigating anemia risk.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design involving 446 children aged 6-84 months.
  • Anemia assessment using Hemocue portable hemoglobinometer with age-specific cutoffs.
  • Multivariate analysis employing Poisson hierarchical regression with robust variance.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overall anemia prevalence between PBF beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries.
  • Identified risk factors for anemia: low paternal schooling, cesarean birth, untreated water consumption, stunting, and age < 24 months.
  • Significantly higher anemia prevalence in non-beneficiary children under two years compared to beneficiaries.

Conclusions:

  • Social determinants like paternal education and access to safe water are key factors in childhood anemia.
  • The PBF demonstrates a potential protective effect against anemia, particularly in younger children.
  • Targeted interventions addressing identified risk factors are essential for anemia prevention programs.

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