[Advances and challenges in immunoprophylaxis]

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Disease Management
• Vaccinology

Context:

• Early 21st-century advancements enabled poliomyelitis eradication and near-elimination of measles through high vaccination rates (96-99%).
• Expanded immunization schedules now include hepatitis B, rubella, influenza, and Haemophilus influenzae type b.
• Substantial reduction in vaccine-preventable disease morbidity in Russia compared to the 1990s.

Purpose:

• To advocate for the rapid adoption of novel and combined vaccines to minimize inoculation burden on children.
• To provide a rationale for implementing vaccines against pneumococcal and meningococcal infections, hepatitis A, and varicella.
• To support increased vaccination coverage for pertussis, human papillomavirus (HPV), and rotavirus.

Summary:

• Recent progress in managing infectious diseases has led to significant public health improvements, including the near-elimination of poliomyelitis and measles.
• The immunization calendar has been updated, and contraindications reduced, but new vaccines are essential for further control.
• The study proposes the use of new vaccines for pneumococcal, meningococcal, hepatitis A, varicella, pertussis, HPV, and rotavirus infections.

Impact:

• Reduced morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases.
• Enhanced child and public health through expanded immunization programs.
• Potential for cervical cancer prevention via HPV vaccination and control of viral diarrheas with rotavirus vaccines.