Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
10:28

Assessment of Cocaine-induced Behavioral Sensitization and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice

Published on: February 18, 2016

[Similarities and differences in the effect of cocaine on alpha-adrenergic and muscarinic response]

B N Manukhin, L V Berdysheva, O V Boiko

    Izvestiia Akademii Nauk. Seriia Biologicheskaia
    |July 28, 2011
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder07:51

    A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder

    Published on: June 18, 2018

    A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development07:02

    A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

    Published on: February 11, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype01:26

    Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

    β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
    Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
    Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
    β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...
    Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification01:27

    Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

    Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
    α-Adrenoceptors
    α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors, which are found on postsynaptic...
    Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic01:25

    Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic

    The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine. 
    The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
    Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

    Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

    Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
    One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral bioavailability, and...
    Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

    Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

    Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
    Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
    α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
    α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
    Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

    Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

    Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
    Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...