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The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
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Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

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Published on: February 11, 2017

Stress modulation of cognitive and affective processes.

Serge Campeau1, Israel Liberzon, David Morilak

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. serge.campeau@colorado.edu

Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|July 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Stress significantly impacts cognitive and emotional functions. Research explores how acute or repeated stress affects cognitive flexibility, fear memory, and decision-making via neurobiological pathways.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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Published on: May 4, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurobiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Symposium focused on stress modulation of cognitive and affective processes.
  • Held at the 2010 workshop on the neurobiology of stress.
  • Discussed factors modulated by acute or repeated stress exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Summarize key findings on stress and cognitive/affective functions.
  • Highlight brain regions and neurotransmitter systems involved.
  • Provide a framework for understanding stress's regulatory effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of symposium discussions.
  • Presentation of rodent models (attentional set-shifting task).
  • Exploration of human studies on fear memory and decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Repeated stress impacts cognitive flexibility via prefrontal regions and monoaminergic systems.
  • Habituation of autonomic and neuroendocrine responses to stress is regulated by specific factors and brain regions.
  • Fear memory modulation and extinction involve neurotransmitters like excitatory amino acids and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
  • Glucocorticoid hormones influence human decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • Stress distinctly regulates cognitive and affective processes.
  • Specific brain regions and neurotransmitter systems are associated with these stress effects.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex interactions.