Bacterial subversion of host actin dynamics at the plasma membrane

Area of Science:

• Cell biology
• Microbiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Bacterial pathogens invade non-phagocytic cells by manipulating host actin cytoskeleton.
• This process involves the formation of actin-rich cell surface projections for bacterial engulfment.
• Shared signaling pathways are utilized by diverse bacteria for invasion.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the molecular mechanisms of bacterial invasion into host cells.
• To highlight the temporal and spatial control of actin remodeling during invasion.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of the three stages: actin recruitment, engulfment, and internalization.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on bacterial invasion mechanisms.
• Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on the stages of bacterial internalization.

Main Results:

• Bacterial invasion subverts host actin machinery to create engulfing structures.
• Distinct molecular processes govern actin recruitment, engulfment, and internalization.
• Common signaling events facilitate invasion across various bacterial species.

Conclusions:

• Understanding actin remodeling is crucial for deciphering bacterial invasion strategies.
• Temporal and spatial regulation of actin dynamics dictates successful pathogen internalization.
• This review consolidates current knowledge, identifying key molecular players and processes.