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Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

Class II enveloped viruses.

Marie-Christine Vaney1, Felix A Rey

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Département de Virologie, Unité de Virologie Structurale, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

Cellular Microbiology
|July 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines symmetric RNA viruses, including pathogenic hepatitis C and dengue viruses. It proposes extending the "class II" viral fusion protein concept to these viruses, highlighting their modular evolutionary origins.

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08:34

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Published on: March 2, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Many viruses encapsulate their genetic material within a lipid envelope and a protein shell.
  • This review focuses on a specific group of RNA viruses exhibiting this virion structure.
  • This group includes significant human pathogens like hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, rubella virus, and bunyaviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review symmetric RNA viruses with lipid bilayer and protein shell structures.
  • To extend the "class II" viral fusion protein concept to a broader range of symmetric viruses.
  • To analyze the functional modules and evolutionary origins of viral proteins involved in cell entry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of viral structure and function.
  • Comparative analysis of viral fusion proteins, particularly class II.
  • Examination of glycoprotein precursor polyproteins and their roles in membrane fusion.

Main Results:

  • Identified flaviviruses and alphaviruses as well-studied examples using class II fusion proteins.
  • Extended the class II concept to symmetric viruses with tandem transmembrane glycoproteins.
  • The first glycoprotein acts as a chaperone for the second, fusion-mediating glycoprotein.

Conclusions:

  • Symmetric viruses with enveloped virions utilize a conserved mechanism for cell entry.
  • The class II fusion protein concept can be applied to a wider range of viruses.
  • Viral functional modules appear to be assembled from genes of diverse evolutionary origins, indicating a "patchwork" nature.