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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material

Published on: December 20, 2024

Rigidity evaluation of quartz-fiber splints compared with wire-composite splints.

Christine Berthold¹, Friedrich Johannes Auer, Sergej Potapov

¹Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany. berthold@dent.uni-erlangen.de

Dental Traumatology : Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology

|July 28, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Dental splint rigidity varies by reinforcement material, impacting treatment choices. Flexible splints suit dislocations, while rigid ones are for fractures, offering good aesthetics.

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Published on: July 21, 2014

Area of Science:

Dental materials science
Biomaterials engineering
Orthodontics

Background:

Dental splinting is crucial for stabilizing traumatized teeth.
The choice of reinforcement material influences splint biomechanics and clinical outcomes.
Understanding material properties is key to optimizing dental trauma management.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate how different reinforcement materials affect the in vitro rigidity of dental splints.
To compare the relative splint effect (SpErel) of various wire-composite and quartz-fiber splints.
To determine the influence of initial tooth mobility on splint performance.

Main Methods:

A custom artificial model simulated injured and uninjured teeth with varying mobility.
Periotest and Zwick methods assessed horizontal and vertical tooth mobility before and after splinting.
Two wire-composite splints (WCS1, WCS2) and four quartz-fiber splints (QS1-4) were tested and analyzed using ANOVA and t-tests.

Main Results:

Reinforcement material significantly impacted splint rigidity (P<0.05).
WCS1 demonstrated significantly lower horizontal and vertical SpErel compared to WCS2 and QSs1-4.
Significant differences in SpErel were observed between 'injured' and 'uninjured' teeth.

Conclusions:

WCS1 offers flexibility, suitable for dislocation injuries.
WCS2 and QS1-4 provide semi-rigid to rigid support, ideal for root fractures and alveolar process fractures.
Quartz-fiber splints offer favorable esthetic outcomes.