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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
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Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
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Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
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Amebiasis

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Adapting Gastrointestinal Organoids for Pathogen Infection and Single Cell Sequencing under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) Conditions
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Gastroenteritis in children.

Jacqueline R Dalby-Payne1, Elizabeth J Elliott

  • 1The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|July 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This systematic review examines interventions for preventing and treating acute gastroenteritis in children. It found rotavirus vaccines effective for prevention and highlighted rehydration solutions, probiotics, and zinc for treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Acute gastroenteritis is a common gastrointestinal infection, primarily viral, causing diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration.
  • Management focuses on fluid replacement to prevent or treat dehydration, regardless of the causative agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of interventions for preventing acute gastroenteritis in children.
  • To assess treatments for acute gastroenteritis in children, including rehydration, nutritional support, and medications.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of 42 studies, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to March 2010.
  • Included harms alerts from regulatory agencies (FDA, MHRA).

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus vaccines demonstrate effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis.
  • Enteral rehydration solutions, lactose-free feeds, probiotics, and zinc are effective for treating gastroenteritis.
  • Ondansetron is effective for managing vomiting associated with gastroenteritis.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccination is a key preventive strategy for childhood gastroenteritis.
  • Evidence supports the use of specific interventions for managing gastroenteritis symptoms and preventing dehydration.
  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of evidence-based practices for pediatric gastroenteritis.