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Related Concept Videos

Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies
05:51

Production of Germ-Free Fast-Growing Broilers from a Commercial Line for Microbiota Studies

Published on: June 18, 2020

A prestabilized harmony.

Kai Kaila1

  • 1Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. kai.kaila@helsinki.fi

Neuron
|July 28, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New research shows that brain activity patterns in neonatal rat prefrontal cortex develop slowly. Hippocampal theta bursts may play a role in maturing prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Discontinuous network events and continuous oscillatory activity are key in cortical circuit development.
  • Understanding the developmental timeline of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity is crucial.

Discussion:

  • Brockmann et al. investigated the protracted development of activity patterns in the neonatal rat PFC.
  • The study explored the potential influence of hippocampal theta bursts on PFC maturation.

Key Insights:

  • Neonatal rat PFC exhibits a prolonged developmental period for activity patterns.
  • Hippocampal theta bursts are implicated as a potential factor in PFC connectivity maturation.

Outlook:

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  • Further research can elucidate the precise mechanisms by which theta bursts influence PFC development.
  • This study provides a foundation for understanding critical periods in prefrontal cortex maturation.