[Gynecology and obstetrics in the Bible. I. From procreation to pregnancy]

The Bible illustrates some interesting views on the matter of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Beside the Old and New Testaments, some Apocrypha have to be discussed for their content about this subject. This article concerns the following points: impregnation, formation of the human embryo, Eve's creation, indirect fecundation and spermatic pollution, bi-sexuality of the first man, libido, signs of virginity, female infertility, incest, multiparity, post-menopausal conception, the fructifying powers of amulets, plants and seeds, the course of pregnancy and antenatal care, normal and difficult labour, premature birth (was Moses premature?), perineal tears, the first birth without pain, twin pregnancy, procidentias, breech delivery, maternal deaths, midwives and Pharaoh, nursing, swaddling, breast-feeding and weaning of the baby. Uncleanliness and purification of the woman following childbirth or during menstruation according to levitical advice are discussed.