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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Influence of the STAT3 genetic variants in the susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis and Behcet's disease.

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Relationship between spinal mobility and disease activity, function, quality of life and radiology. A cross-sectional Spanish registry of spondyloarthropathies (REGISPONSER).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

[Enthesis as a target element in spondylarthritides].

J L Fernández-Sueiro1

  • 1Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital Universitario Juan Canalejo. La Coruña. España.

Reumatologia Clinica
|July 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The enthesis, a crucial connective tissue, is increasingly recognized as central to the development of spondyloarthropathies. Understanding enthesis anatomy and its role in T cell responses is key to treating these inflammatory conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis
04:47

Du-Moxibustion in a Mouse Model of Ankylosing Spondylitis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Anatomy

Context:

  • Spondyloarthritides frequently affect the enthesis, a key anatomical structure.
  • Emerging hypotheses suggest the enthesis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
  • Current understanding of enthesis involvement in spondyloarthropathies is evolving.

Purpose:

  • To review current knowledge on enthesis anatomy and extracellular matrix.
  • To describe clinical and advanced imaging evaluations of the enthesis.
  • To explore the role of enthesis in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis, including T cell responses.

Summary:

  • This review covers enthesis anatomy, extracellular matrix composition, and evaluation methods including MRI and ultrasound.
  • Immunohistological studies and animal models highlight the enthesis's importance in spondyloarthritis.
  • Recent research on T cell responses to enthesis components in ankylosing spondylitis is examined.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of enthesis in spondyloarthropathies.
  • Highlights the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging techniques like MRI and ultrasound.
  • Synthesizes current research on the immunological role of the enthesis in disease pathogenesis.