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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

[Fetal microchimerism in rheumatic diseases].

Gabriela Huerta Sil¹, Gabriel Medrano Ramírez

¹Servicio de Reumatología. Hospital General de México. México DF. México.

Reumatologia Clinica

|July 29, 2011

Summary

Fetal microchimerism, the exchange of cells between mother and fetus, can persist long-term. This cell sharing may contribute to graft-versus-host reactions and diseases in both mother and child.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Genetics
Reproductive Biology

Context:

Fetal microchimerism involves the bidirectional exchange of cells between mother and fetus.
Pregnancy is the most common cause, leading to the coexistence of genetically distinct cell populations.
Fetal cells are found in maternal tissues, including those with various diseases and in healthy individuals.

Purpose:

To explore the phenomenon of fetal microchimerism and its implications.
To investigate the persistence and activation of allogeneic fetal or maternal cells.
To understand the role of microchimerism in graft-versus-host reactions and disease onset.

Summary:

Fetal microchimerism is defined as the presence of fetal cells in maternal tissues and vice versa.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

Published on: June 6, 2025

These cells can persist in the systemic circulation and tissues of both mother and child post-pregnancy.

Activation of these cells may lead to graft-versus-host reactions, potentially contributing to diseases like systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases.

Impact:

Highlights the long-term biological consequences of pregnancy.
Suggests a novel mechanism for the development of autoimmune and connective tissue diseases.
Opens avenues for further research into microchimerism's role in health and disease.