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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

[Endocrinological alterations in systemic sclerosis].

Olga Lidia Vera-Lastra1, Luis J Jara

  • 1Departamento de Medicina Interna. Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret. Universidad Autónoma de México. México. DF. México.

Reumatologia Clinica
|July 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis (SS) frequently causes thyroid issues and hyperprolactinemia. Early thyroid function tests and bone density scans are crucial for managing these endocrine complications in SS patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine

Context:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting connective tissues.
  • SSc pathogenesis involves structural, autoimmune, and genetic factors.
  • Endocrine dysfunctions are common comorbidities in SSc patients.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the high prevalence of thyroid derangements and hyperprolactinemia in systemic sclerosis.
  • To emphasize the frequency of osteopenia and osteoporosis in SSc.
  • To advocate for routine endocrine screening and timely management in SSc.

Summary:

  • Thyroid dysfunction, including clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism, affects 43-73% of SSc patients.
  • Hyperprolactinemia occurs in 13-59% of SSc patients, potentially due to hypothalamic dysfunction or prolactinomas.
  • Osteopenia and osteoporosis are prevalent (3-44%), stemming from multifactorial causes like ischemia, malabsorption, and steroid use.

Impact:

  • Routine thyroid function tests and levothyroxine treatment are recommended for hypothyroidism in SSc.
  • Bone densitometry is essential for identifying and treating osteoporosis in SSc patients.
  • Addressing these endocrine and bone health issues can improve patient outcomes in systemic sclerosis.