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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Updated: May 30, 2026

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model
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Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

Published on: May 6, 2020

[Joint cartilage differentiation and osteoarthritis].

Cristina Velasquillo1, David Garciadiego, Clemente Ibarra

  • 1Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos, Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa. Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación. México DF. México.

Reumatologia Clinica
|July 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cartilage formation, differentiation, and maturation are key to skeletal development and joint formation. Osteoarthritis may increase cartilage maturation, impairing joint biomechanics.

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Area of Science:

  • Skeletal biology and cartilage development.
  • Chondrocyte differentiation and maturation processes.
  • Biomechanics of skeletal joints.

Context:

  • Cartilage plays a crucial role in skeletal development, regulating long bone growth and joint formation.
  • Growth plate and articular cartilage share similarities but differ in chondrocyte differentiation mechanisms.
  • Growth plate cartilage facilitates bone growth via endochondral ossification, while articular cartilage relies on delayed chondrocyte maturation.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the distinct mechanisms of cartilage differentiation and maturation in skeletal development.
  • To explore the potential role of accelerated cartilage maturation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.
  • To understand how altered cartilage maturation affects joint biomechanical properties.

Summary:

  • Skeletal morphogenesis involves critical cartilage formation, differentiation, and maturation steps.
  • Growth plate and articular cartilage exhibit unique differentiation pathways, impacting skeletal growth and joint maintenance.
  • Osteoarthritis may involve heightened cartilage maturation, leading to a loss of essential joint biomechanical functions.

Impact:

  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for comprehending normal skeletal development.
  • This research may shed light on the pathological processes underlying osteoarthritis.
  • Insights into cartilage maturation could inform strategies for managing joint degeneration and improving joint function.