[Treatment of ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis]

The treatment of systemic vasculitis has undergone important changes in recent years. Cyclophosphamide still plays a crucial role in the induction of remission in severe forms, reducing the mortality. However, its use entails a significant long-term toxicity and the accumulation of damage resulting from a sub-optimal control of the process. Strategies has been developed to limit exposure to the drug and minimize its toxicity, such as using intravenous pulses as an alternative to oral administration and a sequential strategy. Both induce remission in less severe cases and work also for the maintenance of remission; the use of alternative immunosuppressants, such as methotrexate, azathioprine or leflunomide has been advocated. In life-threatening situations, options such as plasmapheresis or intravenous inmunoglobulins are available. Biologic therapies are a promising alternative, but their use must be limited for now to refractory cases.