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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids01:31

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Antacids

In the complex environment of the gastric lumen, excessive acid secretion can lead to the formation or worsening of ulcers within the delicate mucosal layer. Antacids, such as sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate, provide relief by neutralizing this acid, transforming it into harmless salt and water. This neutralization process raises the gastric pH from a highly acidic level of 1 to a more basic 3-4, reducing the acidity within the stomach.
However, this neutralization reaction between...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

[Adverse effects of bisphosphonates].

Luis Arboleya1, Mercedes Alperi, Sara Alonso

  • 1Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España. arboleya@ser.es

Reumatologia Clinica
|July 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Aminobisphosphonates effectively treat osteoporosis but recent pharmacovigilance reveals serious adverse events, particularly with high doses or long-term use. This review details these drug complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Drug Safety

Context:

  • Aminobisphosphonates have been a cornerstone in osteoporosis treatment for over two decades.
  • Initial registry studies indicated a low incidence of adverse events.
  • Recent pharmacovigilance has identified emerging safety concerns.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of aminobisphosphonate adverse effects.
  • To synthesize evidence from clinical trials, case series, cohort studies, and databases.
  • To address safety questions regarding high-dose and long-term aminobisphosphonate use.

Summary:

  • Aminobisphosphonates, widely used for osteoporosis, are associated with potential serious complications.
  • Adverse events, though rare in initial studies, are increasingly reported.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats
08:56

Estrogen-Like Effect of Bazi Bushen Capsule in Ovariectomized Rats

Published on: April 7, 2023

  • This review examines the nature and frequency of these side effects based on current scientific evidence.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of aminobisphosphonate safety profiles.
    • Informs clinical decision-making for osteoporosis and oncology treatment.
    • Highlights the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance for drug safety.