Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 30, 2026

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
Published on: January 15, 2017
Rescuing A Patient In Deteriorating Situations (RAPIDS): an evaluation tool for assessing simulation performance on
Sok Ying Liaw1, Albert Scherpbier, Piyanee Klainin-Yobas
1Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 2, Clinical Research Centre, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore. nurliaw@nus.edu.sg
Aim:
This article is a report of a study which developed and tested the validity and reliability of the RAPIDS-Tool to measure student nurses' simulation performance in assessing, managing and reporting of clinical deterioration.
Background:
The importance for nurses to recognize and respond to deteriorating patients has led educators to advocate for increasing use of simulation for developing this competency. However, there is a lack of evaluation tools to objectively evaluate nurses' simulation performance on clinical deterioration.
Method:
The study was conducted in three phases. Phase 1 began with development of items for the RAPIDS-Tool from the basis of a literature review and a panel of national experts' consensus. Phase 2 established the content validity of the RAPIDS-Tool by a panel of international experts and by undertaking a pilot test. Phase 3 involved testing the psychometric properties of the RAPIDS-Tool, on 30 video-recorded simulation performances, for construct validity, inter-rater reliability, and correlation between two scoring systems.
Results:
The process of development and validation produced a 42-item RAPIDS-Tool. Significant differences (t=15.48, p<0.001) in performance scores among participants with different levels of training supported the construct validity. The RAPIDS-Tool demonstrated a high inter-rater reliability (ICC=0.99) among the three raters and a high correlation between the global rating and checklist scores (r=0.94, p<0.001).
Conclusion:
The RAPIDS-Tool provides a valid and reliable tool to evaluate nurses' simulation performances in clinical deterioration. This may prove useful for future studies that investigate outcomes of simulation training.
Related Concept Videos
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV
Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
Acute Respiratory Failure-V
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III
