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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
The Parasympathetic Nervous System01:14

The Parasympathetic Nervous System

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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. These divisions function antagonistically to maintain a dynamic...
Autonomic Nervous System: Overview01:26

Autonomic Nervous System: Overview

The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Paired Cisterna Magna Nanoinjection and Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging Assay to Study Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation In Vivo
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Autonomic dysfunction affects cerebral neurovascular coupling.

Elsa Azevedo1, Pedro Castro, Rosa Santos

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hospital São João, Alameda Professor Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal. elsaazevedo@netcabo.pt

Clinical Autonomic Research : Official Journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society
|July 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic failure impacts cerebrovascular regulation, particularly worsening with changes in body position. This study in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients reveals altered neurovascular coupling during orthostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research

Background:

  • Autonomic failure (AF) impacts the peripheral vascular system.
  • Cerebrovascular regulation in AF is not well understood.
  • Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) serves as a model for studying AF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of autonomic dysfunction in FAP on cerebrovascular regulation.
  • To assess changes in cerebral blood flow velocity and neurovascular coupling under different body positions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 10 mild FAP (FAPm), 10 severe FAP (FAPs) patients, and 15 controls.
  • Monitored arterial blood pressure (ABP), heart rate (HR), and cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) in posterior (PCA) and middle cerebral arteries (MCA).
  • Assessed cerebrovascular resistance and neurovascular coupling via visually evoked BFV responses.

Main Results:

  • No significant baseline differences in HR, BP, resting BFV, or vascular resistance between groups.
  • Sitting increased ABP in all groups, but significantly only in controls.
  • FAP patients showed reduced neurovascular coupling (lower natural frequency, rate time, and gain) during orthostasis compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular regulation is impaired in FAP patients with autonomic failure.
  • Orthostatic stress exacerbates these cerebrovascular regulatory deficits in FAP.