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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
Solid–Solid Solutions01:24

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Do athermal amorphous solids exist?

H G E Hentschel1, Smarajit Karmakar, Edan Lerner

  • 1Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amorphous solids may not possess true elasticity at finite strains. Nonlinear elastic coefficients diverge, suggesting a strong coupling between elasticity and plasticity in these materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Amorphous solids are materials lacking long-range atomic order.
  • Elasticity describes a material's ability to return to its original shape after deformation.
  • Understanding the limits of elasticity in amorphous solids is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the existence and properties of elastic theory for amorphous solids.
  • To determine the thermodynamic limit of linear and nonlinear elastic coefficients.
  • To explore the relationship between elasticity and plasticity in these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of elastic theory for particle systems with finite-range interactions.
  • Examination of the thermodynamic limit of elastic coefficients.
  • Investigation of nonaffine mechanical responses and their effect on fluctuations.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear elastic coefficients exhibit anomalous fluctuations due to nonaffine responses.
  • While the shear modulus is finite, higher-order nonlinear coefficients diverge in the thermodynamic limit.
  • Elasticity and plasticity appear intrinsically coupled in amorphous solids.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of true elasticity in amorphous solids at finite strains is questionable.
  • Nonlinear elastic behavior is significantly influenced by plastic deformation.
  • Amorphous solids may inherently exhibit plastic responses even at low temperatures.