Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

Voltammetry: Factors Affecting Measurements

A current produced due to the redox reactions of the analyte at the working and auxiliary electrodes is called a faradaic current. The reaction can be divided into two types. The current generated due to the reduction of the analyte is called cathodic current, and it carries a positive charge. In contrast, the current produced by analyte oxidation is known as an anodic current, and it has a negative charge. The applied potential at the working electrode determines the faradaic current flow, and...

Processes at Electrodes

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Crossover dynamics of non-Fickian ionic diffusion in solids.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Water doping sodium battery electrolyte controls nanostructure, interactions, and electrochemical properties.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Endometrial immune dysregulation shapes CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell mediated reproductive outcomes in recurrent implantation failure: an integrated mechanistic and predictive analysis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Comparison of tubal reanastomosis and in vitro fertilisation for restoring fertility in women with a history of tubal ligation.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth·2026

Same author

Learning nature's assembly language with polymers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Dynamic control of molecular transport in MXene transistor membranes.

Science advances·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

Diffuse charge and Faradaic reactions in porous electrodes.

P M Biesheuvel¹, Yeqing Fu, Martin Z Bazant

¹Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|July 30, 2011

Summary

This study enhances porous electrode theory by incorporating detailed double-layer structure and Frumkin-Butler-Volmer kinetics for improved electrochemical performance modeling. The new model accurately predicts ion transport and reaction rates across multiple scales.

More Related Videos

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Published on: June 21, 2017

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Published on: June 30, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Published on: January 30, 2015

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications

Published on: June 21, 2017

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Published on: June 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Porous electrodes are crucial for electrochemical systems, enhancing capacity and reaction rates.
Existing theories simplify charge transfer and ignore double-layer structure, limiting accuracy.
Simplified models fail to capture nanoscale phenomena influencing macroscopic electrode behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend porous electrode theory by incorporating advanced electrochemical kinetics and double-layer models.
To develop a more accurate theoretical framework for predicting performance in porous electrodes.
To account for coupled effects of voltage, concentration, and local double-layer structure.

Main Methods:

Inclusion of the generalized Frumkin-Butler-Volmer model for Faradaic reaction kinetics.
Application of Gouy-Chapman-Stern and modified Donnan models for thin and overlapping double layers, respectively.
Derivation of analytical approximations and numerical solutions for model validation.

Main Results:

The extended theory self-consistently determines surface charge and reaction rates.
The model accurately describes charge transfer across the Stern layer at the electrode-pore interface.
Simulations illustrate the evolution of ion densities, potential, and reaction rates under applied voltage.

Conclusions:

The developed theory provides a more comprehensive understanding of electrochemical processes in porous electrodes.
This enhanced model bridges the gap between nanoscale double-layer phenomena and macroscopic electrode behavior.
The findings enable more accurate design and optimization of porous electrode materials and systems.