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Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Chemical Synapses

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

Reliability and synchronization in a delay-coupled neuronal network with synaptic plasticity.

Toni Pérez¹, Atsushi Uchida

¹Physics Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA. amp609@lehigh.edu

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|July 30, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores neuronal network reliability and synchronization. Synaptic plasticity significantly alters network behavior, while signal delay primarily impacts synchronization, not reliability.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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Published on: February 25, 2022

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Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Computational neuroscience
Neural network dynamics
Complex systems

Background:

Neuronal networks exhibit complex emergent behaviors like synchronization and reliability.
Understanding the influence of network parameters is crucial for modeling brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interplay between synaptic plasticity, signal delay, and network parameters on neuronal reliability and synchronization.
To delineate the distinct roles of plasticity and delay in shaping network states.

Main Methods:

Simulations of delay-coupled integrate-and-fire neurons.
Analysis of parameter space, including coupling strength and drive amplitude.
Examination of synaptic plasticity and varying connection delays.

Main Results:

Reliability and synchronization manifest in distinct parameter space regions.
Synaptic plasticity profoundly modifies reliability and synchronization characteristics.
Signal delay influences neuronal synchronization but not network reliability.

Conclusions:

Synaptic plasticity is a key modulator of neuronal network function, affecting both reliability and synchronization.
Signal delay plays a critical role in synchrony but not in the overall reliability of the neuronal network.