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Related Concept Videos

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules01:18

Formulation and Manufacturing Process: Physical Attributes of Generic Tablets and Capsules

Bioequivalence in generic drugs, such as tablets and capsules, refers to their pharmaceutical equivalence to the brand-name counterparts. However, for therapeutic equivalence, manufacturers must also consider physical attributes like size, shape, and weight (FDA Guidance for Industry, December 2003). Discrepancies in these aspects could impact patient compliance and cause medication errors. For instance, swallowing difficulties, often experienced with larger tablets or capsules, can lead to...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
05:44

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

Formulation development of carvedilol compression coated tablet.

Ritesh Shah1, Sachin Patel, Hetal Patel

  • 1Maliba Pharmacy College, Pharmaceutics, Bardoli Mahuva road, Tarsadi, Surat, India. ritesh_shah7@yahoo.com

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a carvedilol compression coated tablet for biphasic drug release. The optimized formulation achieved zero-order drug release kinetics, offering potential for improved therapeutic outcomes.

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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets
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Published on: February 3, 2023

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Carvedilol is a beta-blocker used to treat heart failure and hypertension.
  • Achieving controlled drug release is crucial for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compression coated tablet of carvedilol for biphasic drug release.
  • To evaluate the pharmaco-technical properties and in vitro drug release profile of the developed tablets.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of sustained release core tablets and immediate release coat tablets containing carvedilol.
  • Use of polymers like Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC K4M) and Polyethylene oxide (PEO WSR 205) to modulate drug release.
  • Evaluation of powder blend properties and finished tablet characteristics, including in vitro drug release studies.

Main Results:

  • Powder blends exhibited satisfactory flow and compressibility; tablets showed acceptable pharmaco-technical properties.
  • Carvedilol release from the coat occurred within 3 minutes, while core release extended up to 24 hours.
  • Drug release mechanisms followed fickian diffusion or anomalous behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Batch F7, with specific polymer concentrations (10 mg PEO WSR 205 and 5 mg HPMC K4M), demonstrated optimal performance.
  • This formulation achieved maximum similarity to the theoretical release profile and exhibited zero-order drug release kinetics.