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Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
Point and Frameshift Mutations01:30

Point and Frameshift Mutations

Point mutations are genetic alterations involving the change of a single nucleotide base pair in DNA. Depending on how the alteration affects protein synthesis, they can lead to various consequences.Point mutations fall into the following types:Silent mutations occur when a nucleotide change does not alter the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code. For instance, changing ACC to ACA still encodes threonine, leaving the protein function unaffected. This occurs because...

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Quantitation and Analysis of the Formation of HO-Endonuclease Stimulated Chromosomal Translocations by Single-Strand Annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Conversion events in gene clusters.

Giltae Song1, Chih-Hao Hsu, Cathy Riemer

  • 1Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA. gsong@bx.psu.edu

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed CHAP, an automated pipeline to detect gene conversion events in complex gene clusters. This tool corrects evolutionary inference distortions, aiding studies of inherited diseases linked to these genomic regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Gene clusters with similar genomic regions are crucial for understanding inherited diseases.
  • Structural complexity and evolutionary histories of gene clusters pose analytical challenges.
  • Gene conversion events can distort traditional phylogenetic and alignment-based analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an automated method for detecting gene conversion events.
  • To correct distorted evolutionary inferences caused by gene conversion.
  • To analyze conversion events in various gene clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Cluster History Analysis Package (CHAP), an automated pipeline.
  • Applied CHAP to analyze conversion events in globin gene clusters.
  • Utilized comparative sequence data from seven primate species for CCL, IFN, and CYP2abf gene clusters.

Main Results:

  • CHAP successfully detects gene conversion events in complex gene clusters.
  • Analysis of globin, CCL, IFN, and CYP2abf gene clusters using CHAP.
  • Demonstrated the pipeline's utility across different gene families and species.

Conclusions:

  • Characterizing gene conversion events is essential for studying gene clusters in complex genomes.
  • CHAP provides a valuable tool for accurate evolutionary analysis of gene clusters.
  • Understanding conversion events enhances biomedical research related to gene clusters.