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Related Concept Videos

Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
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Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Critical issues in dengue vaccine development.

Stephen J Thomas1, Timothy P Endy

  • 1Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|July 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Developing an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine is crucial due to expanding global dengue virus (DENV) infections. This review highlights critical challenges in dengue vaccine development, including complex DENV-host interactions and antibody-dependent enhancement.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Immunology
  • * Global Health and Epidemiology
  • * Vaccine Development

Background:

  • * Dengue virus (DENV) infections represent a significant and expanding global health challenge, with millions affected annually.
  • * The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates over 120 countries experience endemic DENV transmission, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • * Currently, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available for dengue prevention or treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the critical issues and challenges hindering the development of an effective tetravalent dengue vaccine.
  • * To discuss the unique complexities of DENV-host interactions that impact vaccine design and efficacy.
  • * To identify key questions and considerations for the future dengue vaccine development effort.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of current dengue vaccine development research.
  • * Analysis of DENV-host interactions, including immune evasion and antibody-dependent enhancement.
  • * Discussion of challenges related to immunogenicity, vaccine failures, and viral evolution.

Main Results:

  • * DENVs are arboviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causing a spectrum of disease.
  • * Severe dengue is linked to sequential infections, viral immune evasion, antibody enhancement, host immune activation, and genetic factors.
  • * The unique pathogen-host interaction complicates vaccine development, raising questions about protective immunity markers and vaccine impact on viral evolution.

Conclusions:

  • * Dengue is a uniquely complex disease, making vaccine development equally challenging.
  • * Critical issues discussed in this review are pivotal for the success or failure of ongoing dengue vaccine efforts.
  • * Further research into DENV-host interactions and vaccine immunogenicity is essential.