Protective effect of aqueous garlic extract against lead-induced hepatic injury in rats

Effect of aqueous extract of garlic on hepatic injury due to lead-induced oxidative stress in experimental rats has been investigated. Lead acetate (LA) at a dose of 15 mg/kg body wt was administered ip to rats for 7 consecutive days to induce hepatic injury. Freshly prepared aqueous garlic extract (AGE) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body wt was fed orally to rats 1 h before LA treatment for similar period. LA treatment caused hepatic injury as evident from increased activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), increased serum bilirubin level and damage in the tissue morphology. Lead-induced oxidative stress in liver was evident from increased levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. The decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and an increased activity of catalase as well as an increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) indicate generation and possible accumulation of reactive oxygen intermediates. Furthermore, altered activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha-keto glutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also indicate an impaired substrate utilization and generation of oxidative stress. All these changes were found to be mitigated when the rats were pre-treated with the AGE. Results indicate that AGE has the potential to ameliorate lead-induced hepatic injury due to oxidative stress in rats. The protective effects may be due to the antioxidant properties of AGE and may have future therapeutic relevance.