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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in the 3500–3100 cm−1 range. Even though both O−H and N−H bonds vibrate at a similar...
Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
A bandpass signal has a spectrum with a lower frequency limit, denoted as ω1, and an upper frequency limit, denoted as ω2. The spectrum...
IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding01:23

IR Spectrum Peak Broadening: Hydrogen Bonding

The vibrational frequency of a bond is directly proportional to its bond strength. As a result, stronger bonds vibrate at higher frequencies, while weaker bonds vibrate at lower frequencies. The stretching vibration of the strong O–H bond in alcohols and phenols (very dilute solution or gas phase) appears as a sharp peak at 3600–3650 cm−1.
However, the extent of hydrogen bonding influences the observed stretching frequency and band broadening. Intermolecular or intramolecular hydrogen bonding...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Applying Hyperspectral Reflectance Imaging to Investigate the Palettes and the Techniques of Painters
07:05

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Published on: June 18, 2021

[Orthogonal projection divergence-based hyperspectral band selection].

Hong-jun Su1, Ye-hua Sheng, He Yang

  • 1Key Lab of Virtual Geographic Environment (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China. hjsurs@163.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|August 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new orthogonal projection divergence (OPD) band selection algorithm effectively reduces hyperspectral image dimensionality. This method enhances object discrimination and outperforms traditional techniques in remote sensing applications.

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Published on: December 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Remote Sensing
  • Image Analysis
  • Data Science

Context:

  • Hyperspectral images possess high dimensionality, necessitating effective dimensionality reduction techniques.
  • Band selection is crucial for preserving information and improving classification/recognition in hyperspectral data.
  • Existing methods often struggle with discriminating objects from background and noise.

Purpose:

  • To propose a novel band selection algorithm based on orthogonal projection divergence (OPD).
  • To discriminate target objects from background and noise by projecting data into a feature space.
  • To maximize spectral similarity between different spectral vectors.

Summary:

  • A new OPD-based band selection algorithm was developed and tested on HYDICE and HYMAP datasets.
  • The algorithm projects hyperspectral data to a feature space to enhance object discrimination.
  • Sequential Floating Forward Search (SFFS) was employed for computational efficiency in band selection.

Impact:

  • The OPD algorithm demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional methods like SAM, ED, SID, and LCMV-BCC.
  • OPD band selection proves effective and robust for hyperspectral remote sensing dimensionality reduction.
  • Improved classification and recognition accuracy in hyperspectral image analysis.