Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Language Development

Language Development

Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...

Purposive Learning

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Introduction to Learning

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...

Visual Agnosia

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Author Correction: The balance between stability and plasticity of the visual word form area in dyslexia.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

A fair lexical decision task for monolingual and multilingual Spanish-speakers.

Frontiers in psychology·2026

Same author

AI for Radiology: A Primer Part II. Interacting with AI Results.

Radiology·2026

Same author

Neonatal brain-age models in full- and preterm infants.

Developmental cognitive neuroscience·2026

Same author

Segmenting with confidence through uncertainty quantification for brain tumor imaging.

NPJ digital medicine·2026

Same author

Improving validity and efficiency of digital dyslexia screening through trial-by-trial feedback.

Psychological assessment·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Learning to see words.

Brian A Wandell¹, Andreas M Rauschecker, Jason D Yeatman

¹Psychology Department, Stanford University, California 94305, USA. wandell@stanford.edu

Annual Review of Psychology

|August 2, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging reveals how the brain processes written words, highlighting ventral occipitotemporal cortex circuits and white matter pathways crucial for reading. This understanding aids in identifying reading difficulties in children.

More Related Videos

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color

Published on: February 20, 2014

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms

Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Skilled reading depends on rapid written word recognition.
Functional neuroimaging has mapped initial visual cortex responses to words.
Ventral occipitotemporal (VOT) cortex circuits are key for rapid word identification.

Purpose of the Study:

To review neuroimaging data on reading circuitry.
To examine the development and deficiencies of these circuits in poor readers.
To emphasize individual subject data for personalized reading intervention guidance.

Main Methods:

Review of functional neuroimaging studies.
Review of structural neuroimaging studies.
Emphasis on individual subject data analysis.

Main Results:

Identified visual cortex responses to written words.
Clarified the role of ventral occipitotemporal (VOT) cortex circuits.
Detailed white matter pathways connecting VOT to language systems.

Conclusions:

Individualized neuroimaging can explain reading difficulties.
This approach offers potential for tailored reading interventions.
Understanding brain circuitry is vital for addressing reading challenges.