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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

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Flow-pattern Guided Fabrication of High-density Barcode Antibody Microarray

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Published on: January 6, 2016

3D antibody immobilization on a planar matrix surface.

Bo Feng¹, Shirong Huang, Fei Ge

¹College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, China. fengbo@xtu.edu.cn

Biosensors & Bioelectronics

|August 2, 2011

Summary

A new method immobilizes antibodies at high density using staphylococcal protein A and Ni(2+) chelation. This enhances detection sensitivity by over 64-fold for antibody arrays and biosensors.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

High density antibody immobilization is key for effective antibody chips, biosensors, and immunoassays.
Current methods face challenges in achieving optimal orientation and density for molecular recognition technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, simple method for oriented antibody immobilization at high density.
To enhance the analytical signal and detection sensitivity in biosensing applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized an orderly aggregation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and staphylococcal protein A (SPA).
Employed His-tag chelation with Ni(2+) for three-dimensional (3D) antibody immobilization on a solid surface.
Confirmed IgG binding to the Ni(2+) matrix indirectly via SPA linkage using pull-down assays.

Main Results:

Achieved oriented antibody immobilization at high density, exposing analyte receptor sites effectively.
Demonstrated a substantial enhancement of the analytical signal, with over a 64-fold increase in detection sensitivity.
Verified that His-tag binds Ni(2+) and SPA binds IgG Fc, enabling indirect antibody attachment.

Conclusions:

The proposed immobilization approach offers an attractive strategy for constructing high-performance antibody arrays and biosensors.
This method is suitable for mammalian IgG antibodies, paving the way for improved diagnostic and research tools.
The 3D immobilization strategy significantly boosts detection sensitivity, enhancing the utility of biosensor platforms.