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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

Tumor growth in urinary diversion: a multicenter analysis.

Tilman Kälble1, Ines Hofmann, Hubertus Riedmiller

  • 1Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Klinikum Fulda, Fulda, Germany. sek.urologie@klinikum-fulda.de

European Urology
|August 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Secondary tumor risk is elevated after ureterosigmoidostomy and cystoplasty urinary diversion. Regular endoscopic surveillance is recommended for these procedures and orthotopic neobladders.

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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Estimating secondary tumor risk after intestinal urinary diversion is limited by follow-up data.
  • Ureterosigmoidostomy is the only form with available follow-up data for secondary tumor risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the prevalence of secondary tumors following various urinary diversion techniques.
  • To compare tumor risk across different urinary diversion methods using German clinic data.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of operative records from 44 German clinics (1970-2007).
  • Registration of all reported secondary tumors up to 2009.
  • Statistical comparison using Fisher exact test, analyzing tumor locations and latency periods.

Main Results:

  • 32 secondary tumors were identified in 17,758 urinary diversions.
  • Ureterosigmoidostomy (2.58%) and cystoplasty (1.58%) showed significantly higher tumor risk.
  • Orthotopic (ileo-)colonic neobladders (1.29%) had higher risk than ileal neobladders (0.05%).

Conclusions:

  • Ureterosigmoidostomies, cystoplasties, and orthotopic (ileo-)colonic neobladders carry a significantly increased tumor risk.
  • Regular endoscopic evaluation is advised from the fifth postoperative year for these high-risk diversions.
  • Endoscopy is less critical for ileal neobladders and conduits, but recommended for symptomatic ileocecal pouches.