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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic birds and...
Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects
13:21

Determining heat and mechanical pain threshold in inflamed skin of human subjects

Published on: January 14, 2009

Unsaturated fatty acids and pain.

Shogo Tokuyama1, Kazuo Nakamoto

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Japan. stoku@pharm.kobegakuin.ac.jp

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|August 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly impact pain regulation. Dietary n-3 PUFAs can reduce pain from conditions like arthritis, while higher n-6 PUFA levels correlate with chronic pain.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutrition Science
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Fatty acids are vital nutrients, energy sources, and cell membrane components.
  • They act as signaling molecules, influencing various biological processes.
  • Emerging research links fatty acid intake and distribution to disease pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current basic and clinical research on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and pain.
  • To elucidate the role of PUFAs in pain regulation.
  • To explore the association between specific PUFA types and pain conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of basic and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of findings on n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pain.

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  • Synthesis of data regarding dietary intake and organ distribution effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs is associated with reduced pain in rheumatoid arthritis, dysmenorrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, and neuropathy.
    • Elevated levels of n-6 PUFAs are observed in individuals experiencing chronic pain.
    • PUFAs play a critical role in modulating pain pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Polyunsaturated fatty acids are key regulators of pain perception and experience.
    • Dietary modulation of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid balance shows therapeutic potential for pain management.
    • Further research into PUFA mechanisms in pain is warranted.