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The effect of psychological intervention on perceived pain in children undergoing venipuncture
Lucie Sikorova1, Petra Hrazdilova
1Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic. lucie.sikorova@osu.cz
Insights
Structured psychological intervention significantly reduced venipuncture pain in children. This approach, involving nurse-led consultation, is recommended for routine pediatric care to manage procedural pain effectively.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nursing
- Child Psychology
- Pain Management
Background:
- Venipuncture is a common and often painful procedure for children.
- Effective pain management strategies are crucial for pediatric patient care.
- Psychological interventions can play a role in mitigating procedural pain.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the impact of structured psychological intervention on perceived pain during pediatric venipuncture.
- To identify factors influencing pain behavior in children undergoing venipuncture, including age, sex, prior experiences, parental presence, and procedure type.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving children aged 5-10 years undergoing venipuncture.
- Intervention group received structured psychological preparation; control group received routine preparation.
- Pain assessment utilized the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) and the Wong and Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale.
Main Results:
- The psychological intervention group reported significantly lower pain levels compared to the control group.
- Pain was higher in younger children (5-7 years), those receiving peripheral venous catheterization, and when parents were present.
- Pre-venipuncture consultation effectively reduced pain, particularly in younger children.
Conclusions:
- Structured psychological intervention, delivered by nurses, is effective in reducing venipuncture-related pain in children.
- Age, catheterization, and parental presence are associated with increased pain perception.
- Psychological consultation should be integrated into standard care for pediatric venipuncture.
Aims:
The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of structured psychological intervention on the level of perceived pain in children undergoing venipuncture. A second goal was to investigate how pain behavior during venipuncture is affected by age, sex, previous number of venipunctures, the presence of parents during the procedure and reason for the venipuncture.
Methods:
Children with indications for venipuncture aged 5-10 years, were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group was prepared for the venipuncture routinely. Children in the intervention group were prepared according to prior structured psychological consultation. Perceived pain levels were assessed by the CHEOPS scale and the self report Wong and Baker faces pain rating scale.
Results:
A significant difference in evaluated pain between the intervention group and the control group was found. The psychological intervention carried out by a nurse proved to lower pain levels from venipuncture as measured by the CHEOPS scale and evaluated using the self-report scale. A greater level of pain was found in children in the age group 5-7 years, in children where peripheral venous catheter was introduced and in children where the parents were present. Special consultation with the child one day before venipuncture reduced pain levels, especially in children below the age-category mentioned. Consultation should be part of the standard of care for children with indications for venipuncture.
