Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

Complementation Tests

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

Framing Effects

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

Attitudes

Attitudes

Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic Signaling

Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds with two electrophilic sites, the carbonyl carbon, and the β carbon, are susceptible to nucleophilic attack via two modes: conjugate or 1,4-addition and direct or 1,2-addition.
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are formed faster owing to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The perceptual average in ensemble representation: Neither perceptual nor an average.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2025

Same author

Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal focused coparenting consultation for unmarried black fathers and mothers: One-year infant and family outcomes.

Infant mental health journal·2022

Same author

ROC measures of memory accessibility.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2022

Same author

Modeling mean estimation tasks in within-trial and across-trial contexts.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2022

Same author

A culturally grounded prenatal coparenting intervention: Results of a randomized controlled trial with unmarried Black parents.

Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)·2022

Same author

The prosodic accent advantage in phoneme detection: Importance of local context.

Attention, perception & psychophysics·2021

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Embedded Implicatures Observed: A Comment on.

Charles Clifton¹, Chad Dube

¹University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Semantics and Pragmatics

|August 2, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated scalar implicature, finding that readers prefer strengthened interpretations of scalar terms even in embedded phrases. This challenges previous research suggesting such strengthening only occurs in simpler sentence structures.

More Related Videos

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Area of Science:

Linguistics
Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Science

Background:

Scalar implicature is a key area in linguistics and psycholinguistics.
Conventionalist theories predict strengthening of scalar terms in embedded contexts.
Previous research (Geurts & Pouscoulous, 2009) questioned this prediction using specific experimental tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the existence of embedded scalar implicatures.
To test whether readers show a preference for strengthened interpretations of embedded scalar terms.
To re-evaluate empirical arguments against embedded implicatures.

Main Methods:

A multiple-choice picture verification task was employed.
This task was designed to be more sensitive to interpretation preferences than previous methods.
Participants' interpretations of sentences containing embedded scalar terms were analyzed.

Main Results:

Readers demonstrated a preference for strengthened interpretations of embedded scalar terms.
This preference was observed even in complex sentence structures.
The findings contradict previous experimental results that found no such strengthening.

Conclusions:

The study provides evidence supporting the existence of embedded scalar implicatures.
The findings challenge the empirical basis of arguments against embedded implicatures.
A more sensitive experimental methodology revealed a consistent pattern of interpretation preference.