Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AMULETY: A Python package to embed adaptive immune receptor sequences.

Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Cytokine-mediated activation of kidney-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells enables their contribution to inflammation in human lupus nephritis.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Spatial and Phenotypic Heterogeneity of ILC Subsets in Mouse Lung Under Type 2 Inflammatory Conditions.

European journal of immunology·2026
Same author

The normal human lymph node cell classification and landscape defined by high-dimensional spatial proteomics.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Targeting genomic instability in cancer.

Cell·2026
Same author

Blimp-1 integrates alarmin signals in ILC2s and drives proinflammatory functions required for type 2 immunity.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

Activated germinal centre B cells undergo directed migration.

Mark J O'Connor1, Anja E Hauser, Ann M Haberman

  • 1University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. mark.oconnor@aya.yale.edu

International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adaptive immunity relies on B-cell affinity maturation within germinal centers. Activated B cells exhibit directed movement, unlike naive B cells, revealing non-random behavior during this crucial immune process.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro
08:31

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Published on: November 26, 2018

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches
09:35

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro
08:31

Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro

Published on: November 26, 2018

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity
11:12

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity is crucial for host defense.
  • Affinity maturation, driven by somatic hypermutation and selection, enhances antibody efficacy.
  • Germinal centers are specialized microenvironments where B cells mature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the motion patterns of B cells within germinal centers.
  • To determine if B cell movement is random or directed during affinity maturation.
  • To contrast the behavior of activated versus naive B cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing two-photon microscopy to track individual B cells in vivo.
  • Applying statistical analysis to quantify B cell movement.
  • Observing B cell dynamics within the germinal center microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • B cell motion within germinal centers is not random.
  • Activated B cells display directed movement patterns.
  • Naive B cells exhibit different migratory behavior compared to activated B cells.

Conclusions:

  • B cell migration within germinal centers is a directed process, not random.
  • Understanding B cell movement dynamics is key to comprehending affinity maturation.
  • This directed motion likely plays a significant role in efficient immune responses.