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$Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples$

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An in-vacuum diffractometer for resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering.

D G Hawthorn¹, F He, L Venema

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|August 3, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new in-vacuum diffractometer enables advanced resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering experiments. This instrument offers precise control and versatile detection for studying complex materials like superconductors and magnetic semiconductors.

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$Characterization of Ultra-fine Grained and Nanocrystalline Materials Using Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction$

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
X-ray Scattering

Background:

Resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering (REXS) is a powerful technique for probing electronic and magnetic properties of materials.
Existing instrumentation can be limited in its ability to perform experiments under stringent vacuum and temperature conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the design, construction, and performance of a novel 4-circle in-vacuum diffractometer.
To enable advanced REXS studies requiring ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic temperatures.

Main Methods:

The diffractometer features 9 in-vacuum motions controlled by stepper motors.
It operates in ultra-high vacuum (base pressure 2 × 10⁻¹⁰ Torr) and is cooled to 18 K using a closed-cycle cryostat.
Includes options for photodiode, channeltron, and 2D sensitive channelplate detectors, along with variable slits and filters.

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful operation of the in-vacuum diffractometer.
Presented example measurements of diffraction and reflectivity on Nd-doped (La,Sr)₂CuO₄ and thin film (Ga,Mn)As.
Validated the suitability of the instrument for a wide range of REXS experiments, including those with weak and strong signals.

Conclusions:

The developed 4-circle in-vacuum diffractometer is a versatile and high-performance instrument for REXS.
It facilitates detailed investigations of material properties under demanding experimental conditions.
The instrument expands the capabilities for studying complex electronic and magnetic phenomena.