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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
11:33

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics

Published on: January 19, 2018

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy under large current flow through the sample.

A Maldonado1, I Guillamón, H Suderow

  • 1Laboratorio de Bajas Temperaturas, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed current driven scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy for imaging at 100 mK. This technique allows for local analysis of superconducting materials under electrical current, enabling new experimental possibilities.

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) is a powerful surface analysis technique.
  • Low-temperature measurements are crucial for studying quantum phenomena in materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method for performing STM/STS at very low temperatures (100 mK) under a constant electrical current.
  • To demonstrate the capability of this new technique for local probing of superconducting materials.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and implemented a current-driven scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy technique.
  • Performed topographic and spectroscopic measurements on superconducting Aluminum (Al) and Niobium diselenide (NbSe2) samples at 100 mK while applying a constant electrical current (up to tens of mA).

Main Results:

  • Successfully obtained spectroscopic and topographic images of superconducting Al and NbSe2 at 100 mK under applied current.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of local imaging and spectroscopy in the presence of a significant electrical current at ultra-low temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed current-driven STM/STS offers a new local probe for investigating materials under electrical bias at extremely low temperatures.
  • This technique opens avenues for advanced local experiments, including vortex motion studies and Doppler shift local density of states measurements.