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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Nonlinear plasmonics at planar metal surfaces.

Stefano Palomba1, Hayk Harutyunyan, Jan Renger

  • 1Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, NY 14620-4040, USA.

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Noble metal surfaces exhibit a strong nonlinear optical response, with a third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((3))) over 100 times greater than typical laser crystals. This enhanced response was studied using nonlinear four-wave mixing (4WM).

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Nonlinear optics
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Noble metal surfaces are known for unique optical properties due to surface plasmon resonances.
  • Understanding their nonlinear optical response is crucial for advanced photonic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantify the nonlinear optical response of noble metal surfaces.
  • To determine the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((3))) of these surfaces.
  • To explore different regimes of nonlinear four-wave mixing (4WM) on these surfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of the components of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ((3))).
  • Utilizing nonlinear four-wave mixing (4WM) with incident laser pulses at frequencies ω(1) and ω(2).

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle
15:06

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Published on: January 3, 2016

Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons
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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

Published on: July 21, 2018

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Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Published on: December 11, 2013

  • Generation of nonlinear fields at ω(4WM) = 2ω(1) - ω(2).

    • Main Results:

    • An absolute value of χ((3)) ≈ 0.2 nm(2) V(-2) was determined for noble metal surfaces.
    • This value is more than two orders of magnitude larger than that of typical nonlinear laser crystals.
    • Three distinct 4WM regimes were identified: propagating, evanescent, and surface plasmon polariton coupling.

    Conclusions:

    • Noble metal surfaces possess exceptionally large third-order nonlinear optical responses.
    • The observed nonlinear optical effects are significantly enhanced compared to conventional nonlinear optical materials.
    • The study reveals distinct regimes governing nonlinear optical phenomena on noble metal surfaces, including coupling to surface plasmon polaritons.