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Updated: May 30, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

Pain in critically ill patients with substance use disorder or long-term opioid use for chronic pain

Debra J Drew1, Barbara J St Marie

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical Center, Fairview, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ddrew1@fairview.org

AACN Advanced Critical Care
|August 3, 2011
PubMed

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