Metabolic problems after gastric surgery

The findings on dumping syndrome (DS) are not consistent considering its relations with age, sex, weight/height, smoking habits, race, dose of oral glucose, the time elapsed since surgery, the function of exocrine pancreas nor the duration of ulcer symptoms. The patients after total gastrectomy (TG) may present relative postprandial lack of insulin. As a sign of long-term hyperglycemia elevated HbA1 has been measured in DS patients. Oral galactose test may reveal new features of DS. Abnormalities in splanchnic blood circulation as well as release of intestinal hormones are involved with DS. Dietary habits including fibers, pectin and guar gum, play a central role in the prevention and treatment of DS. In unresponsive cases several operative methods have been applied with success. Alkaline reflux gastritis is most often seen after B II and I reconstructions and after pyloroplasty. Chronic diarrhea follows mostly after truncal vagotomy. Ten to 50% of patients after gastrectomy (GE) waste 10 to 20% of their body weight because of decreased food, energy, vitamin and mineral intake caused by eating-related symptoms. Vitamin and mineral supplements, a small snack 20 min before the major meal, digestive enzymes, treatment of colonization with antibiotics and protein foods may help. About 50% of GE patients show iron deficiency anemia. Easily dissolved iron between meals with ascorbic acid give the most effective response. Deficiency of vitamin B12 or of folate may develop as megaloblastic anemia. B12 supplement and antibiotics are effective in bacterial overgrowth, but surgical correction is necessary in troublesome blind loop. Folic acid deficiency is corrected by oral folic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)