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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides02:38

Structure and Nomenclature of Epoxides

Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms present in their ring system. Cyclic ethers with a three-membered ring system are called “oxirane”, four-membered ring systems as “oxetane”, five-membered ring systems as “oxolane”, and six-membered ring systems as “oxane”. The cyclic structure of these rings imposes angle strain, and this strain is more in the ring having a smaller number of...
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

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Updated: May 30, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products

Published on: October 4, 2019

Triterpenes from Euphorbia rigida.

Noureddine Gherraf1, Amar Zellagui, Naglaa S Mohamed

  • 1Laboratory of Natural Products and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Mentouri - Constantine, Algeria.

Pharmacognosy Research
|August 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three triterpenes, including betulin, from the aerial parts of Euphorbia rigida. These compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated using advanced spectroscopic techniques.

Keywords:
Euphorbia rigidaEuphorbiaceaecycloartan triterpene

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Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale
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Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Published on: August 16, 2018

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Last Updated: May 30, 2026

A Customizable Approach for the Enzymatic Production and Purification of Diterpenoid Natural Products
07:59

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Published on: October 4, 2019

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale
08:56

Transient Expression in Nicotiana Benthamiana Leaves for Triterpene Production at a Preparative Scale

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Euphorbia rigida is a plant species with potential medicinal properties.
  • Triterpenes are a class of natural compounds known for diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phytochemical constituents of Euphorbia rigida aerial parts.
  • To isolate and characterize novel triterpenes from this plant source.

Main Methods:

  • Phytochemical investigation of plant extracts.
  • Isolation of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation using 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC).

Main Results:

  • Three triterpenes were isolated: betulin (1), cycloart-23Z-ene-3, 25-diol (2), and cycloartan-3, 24, 25-triol (3).
  • Compounds 2 and 3 were reported for the first time from Euphorbia rigida.
  • The structures and relative stereochemistry of the isolated triterpenes were confirmed through extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia rigida yielded three known and potentially novel triterpenes.
  • This study expands the knowledge of Euphorbia rigida's chemical profile.
  • The characterized triterpenes may serve as leads for further pharmacological investigations.