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Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Shahryar Noordin1, Masood Umer, Kamran Hafeez
1Section of Orthopedics, Dept. of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Orthopedic Reviews
|August 3, 2011
Summary
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a hip joint abnormality affecting newborns and infants. Early detection through careful examination and specific maneuvers is crucial for timely treatment and better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Pediatric Medicine
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) involves abnormal hip joint anatomy.
- Incidence varies (1-34 per 1,000 live births) due to diagnostic differences.
- Identified risk factors include firstborn status, female sex, family history, breech presentation, and oligohydramnios.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the spectrum of hip joint abnormalities in DDH.
- To outline clinical presentations across different age groups.
- To emphasize the importance of early detection and treatment for improved outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Clinical observation and physical examination findings.
- Review of diagnostic criteria and risk factors.
- Assessment of treatment timing and outcomes.
Main Results:
- DDH presents differently based on age: instability in newborns, limited abduction in infants, and limping/pain in older children.
- Provocative tests (Barlow, Ortolani) and physical signs (Galeazzi sign, fold asymmetry, leg length discrepancy) aid diagnosis.
- Early treatment, especially within the first six months, significantly improves outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Repeated, careful infant hip examinations are vital for preventing late diagnoses.
- Prompt diagnosis and intervention, particularly in early infancy, lead to much better treatment results for DDH.
Keywords:
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